Endometriosis and Fertility Advocacy with April Christina and Connie Stark
Endometriosis & Advocacy · Podcast Recap
Learn More →Endometriosis and Fertility Advocacy
A conversation with April Christina and fertility nurse Connie Stark on getting diagnosed, getting heard, and building a care team that actually supports you.
Key Takeaways
- Endometriosis takes an average of 8-10 years to diagnose clinically, largely because period pain is so often normalized as just “part of being a woman” rather than investigated.
- A definitive endometriosis diagnosis typically requires an exploratory laparoscopy — bloodwork and symptoms alone usually aren’t enough to confirm it.
- Roughly 39-40% of people beginning a fertility journey are already dealing with anxiety, sadness, or depression, often compounded by years of unaddressed pain and dismissal before infertility even entered the picture.
- Advocacy matters at every stage: documenting symptoms, bringing a support person to appointments, and being willing to seek a second (or third) opinion if something doesn’t feel right are all concrete, learnable skills.
- Support doesn’t have to mean treatment — coaching, community, and validation are distinct and valuable forms of support that exist alongside (not instead of) medical care.
Endometriosis and infertility often show up together, but they aren’t the same journey; they’re two overlapping, complex experiences that each require their own kind of advocacy and support. In this episode, host Kelsey sat down with April Christina, a wellness advocate diagnosed with stage 4 endometriosis and later with infertility, and Connie Stark, a certified reproductive medicine infertility nurse and fertility coach with Fertility Out Loud, to talk about what it actually takes to get heard, get diagnosed, and keep moving forward.
What Endometriosis Actually Is
Connie offered a clear clinical definition: endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, which can cause inflammation, pain, and for some, difficulty conceiving. It can affect the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding organs including the bowel and bladder, and commonly presents as irregular cycles, painful periods, and painful intercourse. But as both guests emphasized, the clinical definition barely scratches the surface of what living with it actually involves.
April’s Story: An 8-to-10-Year Average, Lived in Real Time
April began her period at age 9 and spent nearly two decades navigating heavy bleeding, nausea, vomiting, leg pain, and breakthrough bleeding, much of which was initially treated as a normal part of a young menstrual cycle, especially since other women in her family had also started their periods early. It wasn’t until her late 20s, after years of proactive appointments with her family, that she received a stage 4 endometriosis diagnosis, ultimately through a chance conversation with a patient of hers who happened to be an OB/GYN. That conversation led her to pursue an exploratory laparoscopy, the definitive diagnostic procedure for endometriosis, which confirmed what years of symptoms had pointed toward all along.
Why Advocacy Is a Skill, Not Just a Mindset
Both guests offered concrete, actionable advice for anyone trying to get properly diagnosed or supported:
- Document everything. Write down what your physician says at each appointment, and treat that record as a tool for comparing opinions and tracking your own journey.
- Bring a support person. April described how overwhelmed she became during a pivotal appointment, to the point of being unable to read her own written notes; having her mother there to advocate on her behalf in that moment made a meaningful difference.
- Trust your gut, and don’t wait. If a provider dismisses your symptoms or you don’t feel confident in a recommended plan, it’s reasonable to seek a second or third opinion rather than defaulting to “we’ll deal with it later.”
- Understand that support doesn’t always mean treatment. As Connie put it, support can also mean validation, clarity, and community — distinct from a clinical intervention, but no less important.
The Mental Health Layer
Connie shared that an estimated 39-40% of people are already dealing with anxiety, sadness, or depression by the time they begin a fertility journey, often shaped by years of pain that went unaddressed or dismissed before infertility was ever part of the conversation. April spoke candidly about eventually seeking therapy once she recognized her emotional highs and lows were affecting her more than her physical pain, and about later finding both a nurse coach and, eventually, Connie specifically, as sources of support that helped her process the emotional weight of both endometriosis and infertility simultaneously.
“It can be this and that.” — the idea that two seemingly conflicting emotions can both be true at once, without needing to resolve the tension between them.
One idea from their coaching relationship stood out: the concept above became a genuinely practical coping tool for April — one Kelsey noted applies well beyond fertility specifically.
On Not Doing “All the Things”
A recurring theme in the conversation was the risk of overcorrecting: trying to implement every recommendation from every source at once, rather than finding what’s actually right for your individual body and circumstances. Connie shared an example of a client who was doing yoga three times a week specifically because she’d been told it would help her get pregnant, despite the practice itself causing her stress; once she gave herself permission to stop and find a different form of movement instead, she felt noticeably better. The larger point: personalized, sustainable care tends to outperform trying to do everything at once.
April’s Advice: “Your Pace, Your Race”
Asked for a final piece of advice, April offered a phrase she said she’s still learning to live by: your pace, your race. She spoke to the danger of comparing your journey to others’ results on social media, and described the importance of staying present and investing in herself outside of the “baby, baby, baby” mindset, including rediscovering hobbies like painting and martial arts during a break between IVF cycles, as a genuine part of the journey rather than a distraction from it.
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Shop Needed →Sources & Further Reading
- Fertility Confidence Podcast. “Endometriosis and Fertility Advocacy with April Christina and Connie Stark.” Episode transcript.
- Fertility Out Loud — fertilityoutloud.com, free text-based fertility coaching support.
- April Christina, Wellness & Endometriosis Advocate. (Social platforms as referenced by guest.)
There’s a 50% Chance Male Fertility Is Keeping You From Getting Pregnant
Half of all infertility cases involve a male factor. Yet sperm testing is still the last thing most couples are told to do — and the numbers being called “normal” are far from it.
- Male factor is involved in 50–70% of infertility cases — yet sperm testing is still routinely the last step, not the first.
- The WHO’s lower limit for “normal” sperm concentration is 15 million/mL — the 5th percentile. At that level, estimated per-cycle pregnancy odds are around 5%.
- Optimal sperm concentration sits at the 50th percentile of men who successfully conceived: approximately 60–73 million/mL.
- Below 30 million/mL, pregnancy probability drops off sharply. Above 50 million/mL it plateaus near the natural per-cycle ceiling of 20–25%.
- Sperm concentration is not fixed. A targeted, data-driven approach can produce significant improvement — often within 3–6 months.
When a couple struggles to conceive, the instinct — in clinical settings and at home — is to start with her. Her cycle, her hormones, her ovulation. This is understandable. It is also costing couples months, and sometimes years, they do not need to lose.
The data is unambiguous: male factor is involved in somewhere between 50 and 70% of infertility cases. Not as a rare secondary concern — as a primary driver, half the time. Yet semen analysis is still treated as the test you run after everything else has been checked, if it gets run at all.
What the statistics actually show
Infertility is clinically defined as 12 consecutive months of trying to conceive without a pregnancy. When researchers break down the causes, the picture looks like this:
This does not change based on prior pregnancies. Sperm quality and concentration shift over time, affected by age, health, stress, illness, and lifestyle. A previous successful conception — in this relationship or a past one — is not a current result. Testing still matters.
Why “normal” doesn’t mean what it sounds like
The reference range most clinics use comes from WHO guidelines. Under those guidelines, a sperm concentration of 15 million per millilitre is considered normal. A man who hits that number is typically told everything looks fine.
What that framing leaves out: 15 million/mL is the 5th percentile. It was derived from a dataset of men who did achieve pregnancy with their partners within 12 months — but the threshold was drawn at the very bottom of that group. Ninety-five percent of those men had better numbers. The threshold was not placed where success is likely. It was placed at the floor of the range where it has occasionally been shown to work.
At 15 million/mL, the estimated per-cycle probability of conception is approximately 5%. That is the number being rubber-stamped as acceptable in clinical semen analysis reporting.
The 50th percentile of that same dataset — the midpoint of men who successfully conceived — sits around 73 million per millilitre. A practical target for optimisation is above 60 million/mL. That gap, between what clears the bar and what actually reflects fertility potential, is not a minor technical distinction. It is where most couples who are told “nothing is wrong” are quietly losing time.
Where the real drop-off happens
Pregnancy probability by sperm concentration is not a linear curve. The steepest decline happens below 30 million/mL — which is still well above the WHO minimum threshold that triggers no clinical concern.
Above 50 million/mL, per-cycle pregnancy probability plateaus near 20–25% — a ceiling that reflects biological limits, not sperm count. Getting from 60 million to 100 million makes little practical difference. Getting from 15 million to 60 million makes a significant one.
Subfertility vs. infertility — and why the gap matters
One reason male factor gets missed is that clinical concern is triggered by infertility thresholds, not subfertility. If a result clears 15 million/mL, it does not prompt a referral or a follow-up conversation. But a man at 25 million/mL is not in the same position as one at 70 million/mL — and treating those results as equivalent is how couples end up in a prolonged stretch of “keep trying” that didn’t need to last as long as it did.
Subfertility — results that are technically within range but far from optimal — is common and, in many cases, improvable. The research base for male fertility nutrition, lifestyle, and supplementation is more robust than most people realise, partly because sperm concentration is a measurable, repeatable endpoint that is straightforward to study. Randomised controlled trials exist. The evidence base is there. But it cannot be applied well without knowing what the actual numbers are.
Getting tested — and reading the results correctly
A clinical semen analysis — where the sample is produced and analysed on-site at a lab — remains the most reliable method. At-home testing has improved; one option used in fertility-focused clinical programmes is Fellow, which runs morphology and returns actual numerical data rather than a simplified pass/fail result. If at-home results come back low or irregular, confirming with a clinical sample before building any treatment plan is the sensible next step.
When results come back, the question is not just whether concentration clears 15 million/mL. It is where concentration sits relative to the 50th-percentile target. Below 60 million/mL, there is room for improvement. Below 30 million/mL, understanding why — structural, hormonal, or lifestyle-related — should come before any intervention is started.
Testing is the beginning of a plan, not the end of a conversation.
The Sperm Count Blueprint
A focused resource for anyone whose sperm concentration is below optimal — or who doesn’t yet know where it stands. Covers how to interpret your numbers, the most common reasons concentration is low, and how to build a targeted plan based on what the research actually supports.
Get the Blueprint → Includes the Full Male Lab GuideReferences
- World Health Organization. (2021). WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen (6th ed.). WHO Press. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240030787 — Source for sperm concentration reference ranges, including the 5th percentile lower threshold of 15 million/mL used in clinical semen analysis reporting.
